Scottish Doctor Undergraduate Medical Education Outcomes 0100000000 Learning Outcomes for Clinical Skills 0101000000 What the doctor is able to do 0101010000 Outcomes for Clinical Skills 0101010100 Take a history from patients, relatives and others. 0101010101 All age groups; local multicultural/multiethnic factors; 0101010200 Undertake physical and mental state examination of patients. 0101010201 General and systems-based; 0101010300 Interpret results of history taking, physical examination and investigations. 0101010301 Recognition of abnormality and correct interpretation of common investigative tests. 0101010302 Requesting appropriate investigations. 0101010400 Make a diagnosis 0101010401 Gathering and analysis of all available information. 0101010402 Recognition of important, life threatening conditions requiring immediate treatment. 0101010500 Formulate a management plan 0101010501 Focus on patient’s needs including the patient’s competence to cooperate, prioritise, involve patients and other members of the healthcare team and recognise own limitations. 0101010600 Record findings 0101010601 Records concerning all relevant communications with patients / relatives and colleagues. At a minimum records are legible, dated, signed, concise and contemporaneous. 0200000000 Learning Outcomes for Practical Procedures 0201000000 What the doctor is able to do 0201010000 Outcomes for Practical Procedures 0201010100 Measuring and recording 0201010101 radial pulse rate 0201010102 peripheral pulses 0201010103 blood pressure 0201010104 body temperature 0201010105 peak expiratory flow rate 0201010106 blood glucose using Reagent sticks with and without a glucometer 0201010107 urinalysis using Multistix 0201010108 faecal occult blood testing 0201010109 pregnancy testing 0201010110 perform and interpret a 12 lead ECG 0201010111 manage an ECG monitor 0201010112 height and weight of adults and children 0201010113 interpretation of growth charts 0201010114 CVP measurement 0201010115 transcutaneous O2 saturation 0201010200 Administering and doing 0201010201 first aid 0201010202 basic resuscitation and basic life support for adults and children/infants 0201010203 administration of oxygen therapy 0201010204 venepuncture 0201010205 take a blood culture 0201010206 establish intravenous access and set up a giving set 0201010207 male and female urinary catheterisation 0201010208 collection of MSU 0201010209 arterial puncture 0201010210 scrub up and gown for surgical and sterile procedures 0201010211 skin suturing 0201010212 wound care and basic wound dressing 0201010213 make up drugs for parenteral administration 0201010214 administration of intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections 0201010215 dosage and administration of insulin and use / prescribing of sliding scales 0201010216 use iv infusion and volumetric pumps 0201010217 take nose, throat and skin swabs 0201010218 cervical smear 0201010219 writing drug kardex 0201010220 requesting a cross-match 0201010221 setting up a blood transfusion 0300000000 Learning Outcomes for Patient Investigation 0301000000 What the doctor is able to do 0301010000 Outcomes for Patient Investigation 0301010100 General principles of patient investigation 0301010101 Appropriate choice and use of investigation. 0301010102 Requesting/ordering of investigations according to local protocols / guidelines. 0301010103 Obtaining informed consent for investigations. 0301010104 Ensuring proper patient identification. 0301010105 Preparing patients for investigations practically and with adequate information. 0301010106 Communicating the results of investigations to patients / relatives. 0301010107 Interpreting reports / results of investigations. 0301010108 Providing all necessary demographic and clinical information on request forms. 0301010200 Laboratory-based investigations: 0301010201 Demonstrable knowledge of the circumstances in which the commoner laboratory-based investigations are indicated and the procedures required to obtain the necessary material for investigation. ;To include:<ul><li><p>Biochemistry</p></li><li><p>Haematology</p></li><li><p>Microbiology</p></li><li><p>Pathology</p></li><li><p>Cytology</p></li><li><p>Genetics</p></li><li><p>Immunology</p></li><li><p>Virology</p></li><li><p>Toxicology</p></li></ul> 0301010300 Radiological investigations 0301010301 Demonstrable knowledge of the range of radiological investigations available and their appropriate use in different circumstances. 0301010400 Clinical investigations 0301010401 A number of system-specific investigations which the graduate should know about and may have observed, but would not routinely be expected to perform c.f. Practical Procedures:;Exercise tolerance test; tap/biopsy;Upper and lower GI Endoscopy;EEG ;Lumbar puncture ;Cystoscopy ;Colposcopy ;Skin biopsy ;Joint aspiration ;Core biopsy ;Fine needle aspiration ;Laryngoscopy – direct and indirect ;Nasal endoscopy 0400000000 Learning Outcomes for Patient Management 0401000000 Level 1 - What the doctor is able to do 0401010000 Level 2 - Outcomes for Patient Management 0401010100 General principles of patient management 0401010101 Use of patient-centred, holistic approach with careful consideration of all information available from history, physical examination and investigations and in full consultation with patient, relatives etc. 0401010102 Immediate assessment and illness acuity/severity rating with appropriate intervention, investigation and monitoring. 0401010103 The principles of patient support (physiological, psychological, social, spiritual) and symptom management until a definitive diagnosis is reached and specific treatment is started. 0401010104 The ability to recognise the need for specialist help, appropriate environment and the speed with which these two are required. 0401010105 Patient referral: as above and lines of communication, keeping the patient/family/carers informed. 0401010200 General principles of teamwork 0401010201 The roles and relationships of the multidisciplinary team 0401010202 Accepting corporate decisions and priorities. 0401010300 Drugs 0401010301 Knowledge of prescribing and practical demonstration of prescribing ability. 0401010302 Knowledge of common adverse effects and their treatment. 0401010303 Selecting method of delivery. 0401010304 Calculating dosages. 0401010305 Consideration of dependence, interactions and adverse effects. 0401010306 Post-op pain relief 0401010400 Surgery 0401010401 Recognition of indications for intervention and the available surgical interventions. 0401010402 Knowledge of principles and practice of informed consent. 0401010403 Knowledge of common surgical problems and complications and remedies. 0401010404 Understanding of principles of pre-, peri and post-operative care. 0401010500 Psychosocial 0401010501 Recognition of specialist availability and of interventions and their use. 0401010502 Role of psychosocial factors in precipitating and perpetuating illness. 0401010503 Consideration of patient’s social circumstances, work, family etc, when determining treatment options. 0401010504 Available interventions 0401010505 The role of other organisations. 0401010506 Identification of child physical and sexual abuse 0401010600 Radiotherapy 0401010601 Knowledge of options available and their appropriate use. 0401010602 Understanding the effect on the patient. 0401010700 Therapy services 0401010701 What these are. 0401010702 Appropriately access, refer and interact. 0401010703 An understanding of what can be achieved and what is involved for patient and physiotherapist / occupational therapist / speech therapist etc. 0401010800 Nutrition 0401010801 Nutrition, nutritional support and specialist dieticians. 0401010802 Appropriately access, refer and interact. 0401010803 Understanding the role of nutrition as a major non-drug therapy in some medical conditions. 0401010804 Selecting appropriate method of ensuring adequate nutrition to meet individual patient’s needs. 0401010805 Promoting healthy eating as a means to improve and maintain health as well as preventing disease. 0401010900 Emergency medicine 0401010901 Adequate assessment, risk stratification and provision of immediate management to life threatening adult emergencies. 0401010902 Management of adult cardiac arrest utilising UK Resuscitation Council algorithms. 0401010903 Performance of paediatric basic life support. 0401010904 Demonstrating systematic approach with appreciation of local protocols/guidelines and working effectively as part of emergency care team. 0401011000 Acute care 0401011001 Management of a variety of medical and surgical and psychiatric conditions that are not immediately life-threatening but which require early treatment, or management of more serious, life-threatening conditions in the period following emergency management e.g. uncomplicated cerebrovascular accident, exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease, deliberate self-harm or acute confusional states etc. 0401011100 Chronic care 0401011101 Consideration for: 0401011102 patient’s age; nature of chronic disease; effect on patient e.g. loss of mobility, psychological impact 0401011103 Appropriate use of drugs, appliances/aids, etc. 0401011200 Intensive care – to include high dependency care, coronary care and other specialist intermediate care e.g. renal, neurological. 0401011201 To recognise the circumstances under which an individual patient might require referral / admission to these areas. 0401011202 Knowledge of the criteria for referral and local guidelines, protocols and mechanisms. 0401011203 Appreciation of the range of facilities and services available. 0401011204 The implications for patient and family, including psychological, of this form of care. 0401011300 Palliative care 0401011301 Recognition of what palliative care can offer, where it can be delivered and by whom. Knowledge of how to involve patient, family, friends as well as healthcare professionals and other relevant bodies. 0401011400 Pain control 0401011401 Ability to select and initiate appropriate analgesia using local protocols. 0401011402 Specific knowledge of pharmacological, physical and psychological interventions. 0401011403 Understanding the role of the pain management specialist and demonstrating ability to access/interact with pain management specialists/teams. 0401011500 Rehabilitation 0401011501 Understanding of the integral role of rehabilitation in recovery especially after major illness, significant trauma or surgery e.g. myocardial infarction, spinal injury, transplantation, chronic mental illness such as schizophrenia. 0401011502 Appreciation of the need for a specific programme of rehabilitation and the role of other healthcare professionals in providing this. 0401011600 Complementary therapies 0401011601 Appreciation of what is available. 0401011602 Outline of what is involved in most commonly practised therapies; how alternative and conventional therapies might be combined. 0401011603 Keeping an open mind and remaining non-judgemental regarding the use of complementary therapies. 0401011700 Patient referral 0401011701 Making appropriate referrals to the right professionals. 0401011702 Assessing at what stage of management referral may be indicated. 0401011703 Giving and receiving the appropriate information. 0401011704 Keeping the patient informed. 0401011800 Blood Transfusion Services 0401011801 Nature and extent of service. 0401011802 How blood products are obtained through donors and by manufacture including issues of safety. 0401011803 Diversity of blood products available and how they are used in different circumstances. 0401011804 Making the most efficient and appropriate use of the Blood Transfusion Service in the care of patients 0401011805 Importance of sample / patient / blood product identification. 0401011806 Management of transfusion reactions. 0401011900 Management of Death 0401011901 Death certification 0401011902 Cremation 0401011903 Post-mortem examination – both practicalities of consent and specific sensitivities of different religious groups 0500000000 Learning Outcomes for Communication 0501000000 What the doctor is able to do 0501010000 Outcomes for Communication 0501010100 General principles of good communication 0501010101 Being able to listen and use other appropriate communication techniques including an appreciation of non-verbal communication / body language (one’s own and the interviewee’s). 0501010102 Gathering and giving information with good record keeping and correspondence skills. 0501010103 Mediating, negotiating and dealing with complaints. 0501010104 Making oral presentations and writing reports / papers. 0501010105 Telephone usage 0501010106 Taking into account the age and mental ability of the patient / relative. 0501010107 Taking into account religious / spiritual beliefs that may affect a consultation. 0501010108 Recognising when communication is unsuccessful and another strategy e.g. use of an interpreter, is required 0501010200 Communicating with patients / relatives 0501010201 Answering questions and giving explanations and/or instructions. 0501010202 Strategies for dealing with the "difficult" consultation including defusing aggression, breaking bad news and admitting lack of knowledge or mistakes. 0501010203 Making requests e.g. post-mortem, organ donation. 0501010204 Obtaining informed consent. 0501010205 Confidentiality. 0501010206 Educating patients and facilitating self-management of illness 0501010300 Communicating with colleagues 0501010301 Transfer of information orally, in writing and electronically. 0501010302 The "art" of the good discharge summary and patient referrals. 0501010303 Providing all necessary clinical information on request forms to laboratory-based colleagues. 0501010400 Communicating with Police and Procurator Fiscal/Coroner 0501010401 Under what circumstances there is a legal obligation to contact such authorities. 0501010402 Proper procedure when such communication is necessary and how to relay appropriate information without breaking rules of confidentiality. 0501010403 Providing evidence in court 0501010500 Communicating with media and press 0501010501 A clear understanding of who should give information to the media and press and what form it should take including the need to maintain confidentiality where individual patients are concerned. 0501010600 Communicating as a teacher 0501010601 Recognising the importance of sticking to what you know, knowing your own limitations and admitting when you don’t know. 0501010604 Some basic teaching techniques e.g. demonstrating practical procedures, using various teaching aids, etc. 0501010605 Preparation of content for electronic presentation 0501010700 Communicating as a patient advocate 0501010701 How to recognise when this is appropriate and how it may be accomplished effectively. 0600000000 Learning Outcomes for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 0601000000 What the doctor is able to do 0601010000 Outcomes for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 0601010100 Recognition of the causes of disease and the threats to the health of individuals and populations at risk 0601010101 Definition of health, disease and disability. 0601010102 Assessment of distribution of risk factors in the population. 0601010103 Risk identification and reduction policies for populations taking into account diversity, ethnicity and social inequality. 0601010200 To be able to implement, where appropriate, risk reduction strategies for individual patients 0601010201 Knowing how to change risk factors. 0601010202 The use of evidence-based medicine and effective interventions. 0601010203 Helping patients to modify behaviour whilst respecting their autonomy. 0601010204 Managing and implementing change. 0601010300 Appreciate that health promotion and disease prevention depend on collaboration with many other professionals and agencies 0601010301 Identify who the other professionals and agencies are and what their role is. 0601010400 Plan health promotion taking into account barriers to preventing disease and promoting health both in the individual and the population 0601010401 Consideration of; political, economic, behavioural and organisational barriers. 0601010402 Importance of audit of health promotion and disease prevention activities. 0601010500 Screening 0601010501 Criteria for determining appropriate implementation of screening programmes. 0700000000 Learning Outcomes for Medical Informatics 0701000000 What the doctor is able to do 0701010000 Outcomes for Medical Informatics 0701010100 Keeping patient records 0701010101 Maintaining high quality of recording (whether in writing or on computer); accuracy and data quality; legibility. 0701010102 Knowledge of: 0701010103 the different types of records and how records are stored and retrieved (manually and electronically); 0701010104 coding and classification; 0701010105 confidentiality – including legislation governing access to medical records and data. 0701010200 Accessing data sources 0701010201 Using library and on-line information sources, including internet and intranet systems accurately, systematically and in sufficient depth. 0701010202 How routinely collected health information is used in service planning and delivery of care. 0701010203 Using information in evidence-based practice. 0701010204 Identifying and using professional guidelines. 0701010300 IT Skills / Computing skills 0701010301 Use of E-mail, word-processing, databases, statistical packages, spreadsheets, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, on-line journals, etc. 0701010302 Participation in videoconferencing. 0701010303 General principles of telemedicine. 0701010400 Personal record keeping for professional development 0701010401 The role and use of log books and portfolios. 0800000000 Learning Outcomes for Basic, Social and Clinical Sciences and Underlying Principles 0801000000 How the doctor approaches their practice 0801010000 Outcomes for Basic, Social and Clinical Sciences and Underlying Principles 0801010100 Normal structure and function of the individual as an intact organism and of each of its major organ systems 0801010101 Anatomy, physiology, psychology/psychiatry, biochemistry, genetics. 0801010102 Molecular, biochemical, cellular and immunological mechanisms that are important in maintaining homeostasis 0801010200 The life cycle 0801010201 The different stages and how these affect normal structure and function e.g. the foetus; the neonate / infant; childhood; adolescence; adulthood; old age; death. 0801010300 Behaviour and relationships between an individual and his/her:;Family / partners;Immediate social groups;Society at large and the general population;Physical environment;Health professionals;Responses to illness 0801010301 Behavioural sciences, psychology and sociology 0801010400 Beliefs and understanding of health and illness 0801010401 Study of cultural and ethnic influences on health care 0801010402 The role of complementary medicine 0801010500 The mechanisms of diseases and the ways in which these diseases affect the body (pathogenesis) 0801010501 Knowledge and understanding of the following causes of disease: genetic, developmental, metabolic, toxic, microbiological, autoimmune, neoplastic, degenerative, traumatic, environmental, social, occupational. 0801010600 The alteration in structure and function of the body and its major organ systems resulting from various diseases and conditions 0801010601 Appropriate pathology and pathophysiology. 0801010700 Pharmacological principles of treatment using drugs 0801010701 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. 0801010702 Mechanisms of action / interaction. 0801010703 Side effects / adverse reactions. 0801010800 Principles of therapeutic measures in the management and symptomatic relief of diseases 0801010801 Drugs, surgery, radiotherapy, complementary therapies. 0801010802 Evidence base for use of therapeutic measures. 0801010900 Public health 0801010901 Knowledge and understanding of scientific reasoning in the practice of public health in the NHS. 0801010902 Principles of healthcare planning, prioritisation of service and communicable disease control. 0801011000 Health economics 0801011001 Knowledge and understanding of basic concepts including the cost of patient management to NHS, other care systems and society and rationing. 0801011100 Disease prevention 0801011101 Knowledge and understanding of causes of disease and evidence of causes. 0801011102 Disease aetiology and relationships between risk factors and disease – high risk approach and population approach 0801011200 Epidemiology 0801011201 Knowledge and understanding of principles of demography, biological variability and clinical trials. 0801011300 Education 0801011301 Knowing about and applying basic theories of learning and teaching. 0801011302 Basic organisation of medical teaching and training in the UK. 0900000000 Learning Outcomes for Attitudes, Ethical Understanding and Legal Responsibilities 0901000000 How the doctor approaches their practice 0901010000 Outcomes for Attitudes, Ethical Understanding and Legal Responsibilities 0901010100 Appropriate professional attitudes 0901010101 Establishing trust between doctor and patient and respect for patients and colleagues. 0901010102 Adopting an empathic, holistic approach to patients and their problems. 0901010103 Valuing and preserving patient autonomy and involving patients in decisions affecting them. 0901010104 Respect for professional institutions and health service bodies. 0901010105 Awareness of public opinion. 0901010200 Basic ethical principles and standards 0901010201 Knowledge and understanding of contemporary medical ethics and the main ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. 0901010202 The duties of a doctor. 0901010203 Practical application of theories e.g. consequentialism, deontology (duty) and double effect. 0901010204 The importance of confidentiality, truthfulness and integrity. 0901010205 Knowing under what circumstances the breaking of confidentiality can and should occur 0901010206 Dealing effectively with complaints about own performance. 0901010300 Legal responsibilities 0901010301 Particularly with respect to:;Death;Drug prescribing;Physical and sexual abuse of children and adults;Use of the Mental Health Act;Reporting of adverse medical care / standards involving other practitioners;Codes of conduct;Human rights issues;Disclosure of patient information;Reporting of notifiable diseases 0901010400 Practice of medicine in a multicultural society 0901010401 Knowledge of and respect for differing cultures, views, beliefs and practices relating to the human body and healthcare. 0901010500 Psychosocial issues 0901010501 Those arising from patients and colleagues and relating to the multitude of differing characteristics making up the human personality. 0901010600 Economic issues 0901010601 Knowledge and appreciation of financial constraints affecting the NHS and their impact on delivery of care. 0901010700 Contributing to the advancement of medicine 0901010701 Progress in medical science and how it is achieved, particularly the potential for every doctor to contribute to such progress. 0901010702 The doctor’s role in ethical regulated clinical trials. 1000000000 Learning Outcomes for Decision Making Skills, and Clinical Reasoning and Judgement 1001000000 How the doctor approaches their practice 1001010000 Outcomes for Decision Making Skills, and Clinical Reasoning and Judgement 1001010100 Clinical reasoning 1001010101 How to recognise and define the problem, analyse and interpret information and cope with limitations of information and personal limitations. 1001010200 Evidence-based medicine 1001010201 How to seek the best available evidence and keep up to date. 1001010202 How to analyse and interpret evidence and work with guidelines and protocols. 1001010203 Recognising the link between evidence-based medicine and audit and the reasons for variation in clinical practice. 1001010204 Recognising the limitations of EBM 1001010300 Critical thinking 1001010301 The importance of adopting an inquisitive and questioning attitude and applying rational processes. 1001010302 Recognising irrationality in oneself and others. 1001010303 The importance of own value judgements and those of patients. 1001010400 Research and scientific methodologies 1001010401 Knowledge and appreciation of quantitative and qualitative methodology including the differences between them and their appropriate usage. 1001010402 Using research and scientific methodologies to interpret investigations. 1001010500 Statistical understanding and application 1001010501 How to think and communicate quantitatively. 1001010502 Choosing and applying appropriate statistical tests with some understanding of the underlying principles and their strengths and weaknesses. 1001010600 Creativity / resourcefulness 1001010601 Creative use of techniques, technologies and methodologies. 1001010602 Demonstration of self-reliance, initiative and pragmatism. 1001010603 The importance of sometimes looking outwith conventional boundaries. 1001010700 Coping with uncertainty and error in decision making 1001010701 Appreciating that uncertainty exists and that sources of uncertainty might include:;oneself;the environment;the patient;limits of knowledge 1001010702 How to use cognitive and intellectual strategies when dealing with uncertainty and the need to be adaptable to change. 1001010703 How to harness one’s own emotional resilience and courage. 1001010704 The importance of making decisions in partnership with colleagues and patients. 1001010705 An outline of levels of responsibility in the healthcare system. 1001010800 Prioritising 1001010801 Knowledge and understanding of the factors influencing priorities. 1001010802 How to prioritise one’s own time as well as prioritising the care of patients both of which include management of tasks, events, time and stress. 1001010803 How to use protocols to aid prioritisation. 1100000000 Learning Outcomes for The Role of the Doctor within the Health Service 1101000000 The doctor as a professional 1101010000 Outcomes for The Role of the Doctor within the Health Service 1101010100 Healthcare systems 1101010101 An outline of:;the structure of the medical profession in the UK;the professions allied to medicine;roles and relationships of primary, secondary and tertiary care;NHS organisation;the origin and history of medical practice;systems that impact on the NHS e.g. private medicine, EU, complementary therapies, etc.;Other health care systems 1101010200 The clinical responsibilities and role of a doctor 1101010201 The "Duties of a Doctor" as defined by the General Medical Council. 1101010202 Appreciation of the medical profession as a voice in society and an agent of change. 1101010203 The importance of valuing and participating in professional audit. 1101010204 The doctor as an employee within a corporate organizational entity or as an independent contractor. 1101010300 Code of conduct and required personal attributes 1101010301 Duties of a Doctor (GMC) 1101010302 Local codes where applicable. 1101010400 The doctor as researcher 1101010401 Appreciation of the value of medical research and how this is organised and funded in UK and Europe. 1101010402 Outlining the potential role of research in career progression and the opportunities for research even as an undergraduate. 1101010500 The doctor as mentor and teacher 1101010501 The importance of reflecting on and analysing own experience of mentors and teachers identifying the "positive" and the" negative" and how to use this in one’s own practice as a teacher of others. 1101010502 The importance of adopting a culture of life-long learning and fostering this in the health service. 1101010600 The doctor as manager 1101010601 Managing people and resources e.g. financial. 1101010700 The doctor as a member of a multi-professional team and the roles of other healthcare professionals 1101010701 The opportunity to learn with and be taught by other healthcare professionals during undergraduate education with an understanding of the benefits to be gained by all concerned including patients. 1101010702 Working with other healthcare professionals in the context of patient care as an undergraduate in order to better develop team-working, leadership and facilitative skills. 1200000000 Learning Outcomes for Personal Development 1201000000 The doctor as a professional 1201010000 Outcomes for Personal Development 1201010100 Self-awareness 1201010101 The ability to conduct oneself as a reflective and accountable practitioner including seeking out sources of informed criticism and valuing, reflecting and responding to them appropriately. 1201010102 Enquiring into own competence and evaluating own capabilities and personal effectiveness 1201010200 Self-learner 1201010201 The ability to manage own learning as demonstrated by:; searching out and selecting appropriate learning resources of all types ;making use of all available technical aids ;employing appropriate and effective study skills ;recognising limitations of current personal understanding and capabilities and identifying areas needing refreshed or extended ;setting realistic and appropriate personal learning goals ;selecting learning strategies that take account of personal learning preferences and that are likely to succeed ;setting challenging personal learning goals as a basis for personal growth 1201010300 Self-care 1201010301 Recognition of the pressures of a demanding professional life on health, well-being and relationships with others and the need to maintain a balance between personal, professional and social goals and activities. 1201010302 Evidence of attention to lifestyle, diet, exercise and relaxation. 1201010303 Making use of available help and advice in stressful circumstances. 1201010304 Recognition of the hazards of self-medication or substance abuse in dealing with stress. 1201010400 Career choice 1201010401 Identify short and long-term career and personal plans and aspirations and work towards these by establishing realistic development plans involving relevant activities. 1201010402 Participate fully in the life of the professional community and make use of professional and other networks of all types. 1201010500 Motivation 1201010501 Recognising key personal motivating factors and their importance in sustaining a high level of motivation. 1201010600 Commitment 1201010601 Demonstrating dedication to one’s chosen career pathway through adherence to the codes of conduct and behaviour expected of undergraduate medical students and doctors and an acceptance of any limitations that might be associated with them.